(1) Circumvention shall be considered as a change in the pattern of trade between any country and India or between individual companies in any country subject to measures and India, as a result of a practice, process or work for which there is insufficient cause or economic justification other than the imposition of the duty; and where there is evidence of injury or that the remedial effects of the duty are being undermined in terms of the prices or quantities or both of the like product; and where there is evidence of dumping in relation to the normal values previously established for the like product, if necessary with appropriate changes or adjustments or in accordance with the provisions of rule 10.

(2) The practice, process or work referred to in the sub-rule (1) includes, inter alia-

(a) where an article subject to anti-dumping duty is imported into India from any country including the country of origin or country of export notified for the purposes of levy of anti-dumping duty, in an unassembled, unfinished or incomplete form and is assembled, finished or completed in India or in any other country, such assembly, finishing or completion shall be considered to circumvent the anti-dumping duty in force if, -

(i) the operation started or increased after, or just prior to, the anti-dumping investigations and the parts and components are imported from the country of origin or country of export notified for purposes of levy of anti-dumping duty; and

(ii) the value added to the inputs brought in, during the assembly or completion operation, is less than 35% of the manufacturing cost:

Provided that for calculation of value addition, expenses on account of procurement of technology, such as patents, copyright, trademark, royalty, technical know-how, consultancy charges, etc., shall not be included in the value of the parts brought in.

Explanation I. - 'Value' means the cost of assembled, complete or finished article less value of imported parts or components.

Explanation II. - For the purposes of calculating the 'value', expenses on account of payments relating to intellectual property rights, royalty, technical know- how fees and consultancy charges, shall not be taken into account.

(b) where an article subject to anti-dumping duty is imported into India from country of origin or country of export notified for the levy of anti-dumping duty after being subjected to any process involving alteration of the description, name or composition of an article, such alteration shall be considered to circumvent the anti-dumping duty in force if the alteration of the description or name or composition of the article subject to anti-dumping duty results in the article being altered in form or appearance even in minor forms regardless of the variation of tariff classification, if any;

(c) where an article subject to anti-dumping duty is imported into India through any exporter or producer or country not subject to anti-dumping duty, such exports shall be considered to circumvent the anti-dumping duty in force if the exporters or producers notified for the levy of anti-dumping duty change their trade practice, pattern of trade or channels of sales of the article in order to have their products exported to India through any exporter or producer or country not subject to anti-dumping duty;

(d) any other manner whereby the anti-dumping duty so imposed is rendered ineffective.